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A Treasury of
Christmas Carols |
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Joshua Sylvestre
Christmas Carols - Ancient and Modern
(London: John Camden Hotten, 1861)
Reprinted by A. Wessels Company, New York, 1901 and 1905, the two reprints are substantially similar, containing the same carols.
Neither of these reprints contains "The Holly and the Ivy."
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Editor’s Note: Following some titles is given the first line of the carol in parenthesis.
“In Excelsis Gloria” (When The Christ Was Born of Mary Free)
Welcome Yule (Welcome be thou heavenly King)
A Carol on the Birth of Christ (Was not Christ our Saviour / Sent unto us from God above)
Carol, With Lullaby (Lulla, la lulla, lulla lullaby, / My sweet little babe, what meanest thou to cry?)
New Prince, New Pomp (Behold A Simple Tender Babe)
For Christmas Day (Immortal Babe, Who This Dear Day)
The Shepherd's Song (Sweet Music, sweeter far)
Christmas Tide (Some say that ever ‘gainst that season comes)
Hymn on the Nativity of my Saviour (I Sing The Birth Was Born To-Night)
Angels’ Song, The (Run, Shepherds, run where Bethlem blest appears)
A Christmas Carol (What sweeter music can we bring)
The Star Song (Tell Us, Thou Cleere And Heavenly Tongue)
An Ode on the Birth of our Saviour (In Numbers, And But These Few)
Christmas Day - Wither (As on the night before this happy morn)
The Virgin Mother (Come Behold The Virgin Mother)
A New Christmas Carol (It Is The Day, The Holy Day)
Carol for St. Stephen’s Day (Saint Stephen Was A Clerk)
The Virgin and Child (This Winter's Night, I Saw A Sight)
Three Kings, The - Version 3 (Now is the time of Christmas come)
The Golden Carol of Melchoir, Balthazar, and Gaspar, The Three Kings of Cologne (We saw a light shine out afar)
For Christmas Day in the Morning (The First Nowell)
Carnal and the Crane, The (As I passed by a river side)
The Holy Well (As It Fell Out One May Morning
Gloria Tibi, Domine (There Is A Child Born Of Our Blessed Virgin)
The Cherry Tree Carol - Sylvestre (Joseph was an old man)
Dives and Lazarus (As it fell out upon a day)
The Worcestershire Christmas Carol (How grand and how bright)
Seven Virgins, The - Version 2 (All under the leaves, the leaves of life)
INTRODUCTION
SOME years ago I walked clown to Seven Oaks, in Kent, to enjoy the blessed Christmas. This village is one of a few in the vicinity of London uncontaminated by a railway with its crowd of giddy visitors from the great city. I had just returned from abroad, after a long residence there, and even the minor observances and customs of the season possessed a pleasing novelty and charm. As I passed through Bromley I observed the shops, filled with viands for the great yearly feast, decorated with the emblems of the season.
The little cottage on the roadside had its Sprigs of holly in the window, and ruddy children stood at the door with faces that betokened how near was the general holiday. As I drew toward my destination I occasionally passed a peasant carrying the, to him, sumptuous meal for the morrow -- perhaps the bountiful gift of the good lady at the manor-house -- or bearing on his shoulder a block to light up his cottage hearth in honor of Christmas-tide. I could not help thinking, as I moved along, that on the eve of this glorious day all nature seemed to sink into repose after the labors and storms of the past year.
The quiet village of Seven Oaks exhibited that neat and cleanly aspect so often admired by visitors to this country when passing through our more orderly rural districts. The trimmed hedgerows, whitened door-steps and glistening window-panes, with the prim and happy old people passing about making preparations for the morrow pictured forth a delightful scene of order and contentment.
Fatigued with my walk, I retired to rest early. A bright moon was shining into my chamber, and through the window I could see lights moving about the apartments of Knowle House1 a short distance across the park, indicating that the great people were also preparing for the mirthful time. I had not been in the room very long before my ears were saluted by a sweet music of youthful voices. Opening the casement I found some young villagers singing a carol. The tune was plaintive, and simple in the extreme, and appeared to harmonize exactly with the scene and the occasion. It was the old carol of “God rest you, Merry Gentlemen," and if a critic should aver that the piece was more appropriate for the following day, I can only say that the melody sounded very delightful on that still and frosty night. After a time the little folks withdrew, and I heard their voices in the distance, apparently not far from a neighboring farm-house. As Irving remarked on a similar occasion, the notes of the carolists as they receded became more soft and aerial, and seemed to accord with quiet and moonlight. I listened and listened; they became more and more tender and remote, and, as they gradually died away, my head sunk upon my pillow, and I fell asleep. In the early morning my window was again saluted by a joyous song, and going to it I discovered two young men and three girls "welcoming with sweet music the blessed morn."
Such is a brief narrative of Christmas associations that I always remember with pleasure. Although personal, I trust the reminiscences will be considered a not inappropriate introduction to our subject.
Christmas carols doubtless had their origin in that celestial music which Milton describes in his "Hymn to the Nativity":
`Such music (as `tis said)
Before was never made
But when of old the sons of morning sung,
While the Creator great
His constellation set."
[Editor's Note: See On The Morning of Christ's Nativity]
The oldest religions hymns, sung by the early Christians in the centuries immediately following Christ's death, have not been handed down to us. The most ancient carols that we now possess date from the Middle Ages, and consist generally of portions of miracle plays, religious spectacles, and old religious legends.
Thus one miracle play, the most popular, perhaps, of any of these biblical representations, "The Creation of the World," has supplied several carols. It was acted in London so late as the reign of Queen Anne. The introduction in the same performance of Adam and Eve, Herod, and the Duke of Marlborough, cannot, be considered as good taste, however much the blending of antediluvian with current history may have contributed to fill Mr. Heatly's purse. The handbill to the performance reads thus -- I have ita1icised those scenes which now form the subject of carols:
BY HER MAJESTIE'S PERMISSION.
At Heatley’s Booth,
Over against the cross Daggers, next to Mr. Miller's Booth: During the time of Bartholomew fair, will be presented a little Opera call’d The Old Creation of The World, newly reviv`d, with the addition of the Glorious Battle obtained over the French and Spaniards by his Grace the Duke of Marlborough.
The Contents Are These.
1. The Creation of Adam and Eve.
2. The intreagues of Lucifer in the Garden of Eden.
3. Adam and Eve driven out of Paradise.
4. Cain going to plow, Abel driving sheep.
5. Cain killeth his brother Abel.
6. Abraham offering his son Isaac.
7. Three Wisemen of the East guided by a Star, who worship him.
8. Joseph and Mary flee away by night upon an ass.
9. King Herod's Cruelty, his men's spears laden with children.
10. Rich Dives invites his friends, and orders his porter to keep the beggars from his gate.
11. Poor Lazarus comes a begging at rich Dives' gate, the dogs lick his sores.
12. The good angel and death contend for Lazarus' life.
13. Rich Dives is taken sick and dieth, he is buried in great solemnity.
14. Rich Dives in Hell, and Lazarus in Abraham's bosom, seen in a most glorious object, all in machines descending in a throne guarded with multitudes of angels, with the breaking of the clouds discovering the palace of the Sun in double and treble prospects, to the admiration of the spectators
In the early ages the bishops were accustomed on Christmas Day to sing carols among the clergy.
Some of the legendary carols are very beautiful, and shadow forth the true spirit of our most admired ballad poetry. That entitled the "Holy Well," I would beg to bring forward as a specimen. Although a fragment of an old monkish sermon, or, perhaps, the story of a priest to his simple audience, it is, to my thinking, full of poesy and fine feeling. Jesus, when young, had the ideas and youthful tastes of other children. One day he obtained permission of his mother to play with seine little children down by the Holy Well. The juveniles proved to be "lords' and ladies'" sons, and knowing the poverty of Jesus' parents, they objected to his company, and twitted him with the meanness of his birth, Nothing can be more natural than the anger of the indignant mother upon learning the insult. She knows the mighty power of her heavenly boy, but the feelings of a wounded mother's pride are too strong to he suppressed, and she calls upon her son to punish them with his terrible malediction, Jesus' answer is soft and beautiful
"Nay, nay` sweet Jesus mildly said,
"Nay, nay, that must not be,
For there are too many sinful souls
Crying out for the help of me,"
Books of carols were cried about the streets of Paris as early as the thirteenth century. In this country we know, from some fragments preserved in the public libraries, that they were published by the first printers.
There also exist numerous old MSS containing ancient carols; but these, although they delighted our forefathers when sung by the minstrels, are now almost forgotten. In the time of Henry VIII. and down to the early years of the reign of Charles I; carols were general at the festive season. When the Puritans came into power, however, an act of parliament was passed, “That no observation shall be had of the 25th day of December, commonly called Christmas Day," and the consequence was that carols fell into disuse. At the Restoration they once more came into public favor; but, owing to the fondness of Charles for worldly enjoyment, the carols that were composed and sung at this period are more frequently the subject of noisy mirth and festivity than religion. From this date to the present time the popularity of these joyous songs has been on the wane. Fashions have changed, and tastes have altered; and in this age of giddy excitement people appear to prefer novelty and flippant amusement to the innocent and delightful pastime of their ancient fathers.
Forty years ago an antiquary [William Hone, Ancient Mysteries Described, 1823]wrote complainingly; "Carols begin to be spoken of as not belonging to this century, and yet no one, as I am aware of, has attempted a collection of these fugitives." Several gleaners since then, however, have entered the field, Mr. Davies Gilbert [1822], Mr. Sandys [1833], Dr. Rimbault [1846], and Mr. Thomas Wright [1841] have each garnered their gleanings into little volumes. From these I have derived much assistance in the compilation of the present work.
Much more could have been said in this introduction relative to the history of carols than has been attempted, but the remarks prefixed to each carol will be found to contain many particulars concerning our subject. With regard to the date of these pieces, most of them may be pronounced ancient -- if not in composition, yet in subject.
The Editor is aware that many of the carols represent the most indifferent poetry. He was prevailed upon to include them in the collection for various reasons, -- their earnest simplicity, the old religious stories they frequently contained, together with a considerable respect for that general favor which for many generations has been accorded to them by all classes.
Note by Sylvestre:
1. The magnificent seat of the Earl Amherst, formerly the residence of the Sackvilles, Dukes of Dorset. The house covers upwards of five acres of ground, and furnishes specimens of the architecture of various ages. Return
Note that Hugh Keyte, an editor of The New Oxford Book of Carols (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992) believes that "Joshua Sylvestre" is a pseudonym for a collaboration between William Sandys (1792-1874) and William Henry Husk (1814-1887). See Appendix 4.
The similarity of the notes contained in Sylvestre and Husk collections bears out this conclusion; see: Remember, O Thou Man
William Henry Husk, in his introduction to "The Worcestershire Christmas Carol," noted that that carol had only been rarely published, including "in a collection published under the pseudonym of Joshua Sylvester in 1861." William Henry Husk, Songs of the Nativity (London: John Camden Hotten, 1868), p. 36.
